Leadership Keys:

• Disciplined Ethic [moral, strong work ethic, duty-concious, virtuous]:
  - Known to perform tasks with "diligence and industry"
  - Reputation based upon his "care and thoroughness rather than from brilliancy"
  - Displayed "same stanch characteristics as before, and he was fearless and aggressive in maintaining his principles"
  - His decisions and messages showed an "utter absence of partisan or personal designs"
  - Described his responsibilities as "My oath to support and defend the Constitution, my duty to the people who have chosen me to execute the powers of their great office and not relinquish them, and my duty to the chief magistracy which I must preserve unimpaired in all its dignity and vigor"



• Social Support [maintains good relations with friends/family, social/public welfare important, social capitalist]:
  - An Uncle comments on his assistance as shown by his "kindness, industry, and ability"
  - Raised in a family known to "maintain its standards and principles from generation to generation by the integrity of the stock" not based on having great wealth
  - The Clevelands generally "reared large families and sustained themselves with dignity and credit on narrow means"



• Self-directed Learner [eager/enthusiastic for new knowledge, invests/commits time to learning, more questions than dictates]:
  - Produced documents which were "strong in logic, dignified in tone, terse, direct, and forceful in diction"
  - "His education was not neglected and at the age of fifteen he was studying, with a view to entering college"
  - He continued his learning at "a reputable law office as a student, and thereafter his affairs moved steadily along the road by which innumerable young Americans... have advanced to success in the legal profession"



• Spiritual Center [obeys/seeks guidance of/serves God or Higher Power, has faith in a better Tomorrow or gift of empowerment available Today]:
  - Enjoyed the fruits of a marriage made-in-heaven "his public life was passed under continual storm, but the peace and happiness of his domestic life provided a secure refuge"
  - From his earliest American ancestor, his was a "family which in every generation furnished recruits to the ministry"
  - His father, Richard, "turned to the Presbyterian church, studied theology at Princeton, and upon receiving ordination began a ministerial career which like that of many preachers was carried on in many pastorates"



• Power Capacity [sees/believes in Life's opportunities, hopes for better conditions, willing to commit/take positive action to solve problems or make progress]:
  - Viewed his actions in these terms, "I am solely responsible to the people from whom I have so lately received the sacred trust of office"
  - Consistently appointed government officials based on this principle, "Officeholders, "are the agents of the people, not their masters"
  - His record of public service showed "Examination of the record reveals no instance in which Cleveland flinched from doing his duty or faltered in the full performance of it. He acted throughout in his avowed capacity of a public trustee"
  - His career was commented on as a, "resolute and energetic performance of duty [which] had splendid results"

1. The Project Gutenberg Etext of "The Cleveland Era: A Chronicle of the New Order in Politics", by Henry Jones Ford, Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, Release Date: January, 2002 [Etext #3041]



2. An Honest President : The Life and Presidencies of Grover Cleveland by H. Paul Jeffers, 2002



3. Grover Cleveland : A Study in Character, by Alyn Brodsky, 2000